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SLON

22. 11. 2010

Úvod:

Slon je největší žijící suchozemský savec. Při narození váží okolo 100 kg. Samice slona je březí 20 až 22 měsíců, což je nejdelší doba březosti u suchozemského zvířete. Slon se dožívá 60 až 70 let. Největšího slona zastřelili v Angole v roce 1974, vážil 12 000 kilogramů. Sloni jsou v současnosti přísně chráněný druh po celém světě.

Slon je charakteristický svým chobotem, což je kombinace nosu a horního rtu, který používá pro získání potravy. Chobot slouží zejména pro získání potravy, které je příliš vysoko a slon je schopen jím zvednout náklad o hmotnosti až 1 tuny. V horku si často chobotem na sebe házeji písek či prach. Sloni mají také kly. Tyto velké zuby jim vyčnívají z tlamy. Sloní kly jsou jedním z hlavních důvodů jejich lovu. Obchod s nimi je zakázán v mnoha státech.

 

Potrava:

Sloni jsou býložraví a tráví denně až 16 hodin konzumací rostlinné potravy. 50 % potravy tvoří trávy. Zbytek je listí, kořínky, ovoce, semínka či květiny. Dospělý slon dokáže sežrat100 až 320 kg potravy za den.Trávicí ústrojí slona je schopno zpracovat pouze 40 % celkového zkonzumovaného množství, zbytek projde nestráven zažívacím traktem.

Lov slonů:

Lov slonů, ať již legální nebo ilegální, má neočekávané důsledky v anatomii slonů. Afričtí lovci slonů zabíjí slony s velkými kly, což dává šanci přežít a dál se rozmnožovat slonům s malými kly nebo bez klů. Díky propagaci genu, který způsobuje, že slon nemá kly, je nyní v některých populacích až 30 % slonů bez klů (ačkoli v roce 1930 to bylo jen 1 %). Nepřítomnost klů, kdysi velmi ojedinělá genetická anomálie, se nyní stává velmi rozšířeným dědičným rysem. Je nepravděpodobné, ale možné, že soustavným lovem slonů s kly a prosazováním slonů bez klů nakonec kly u afrických slonů zcela zmizí, což by mohlo mít dramatický dopad jak na slony, tak na jejich okolí. Sloni své kly používají k „orání“ země při hledání minerálů, průchodu hustou vegetací či při boji mezi samci. Budou-li se nadále rodit převážně sloni bez klů, může se chování slonů dramaticky změnit.

 

Druhy:

Jsou známy dva druhy slonů – slona afrického a slona indického. Africký slon je větší než asijský (měří až 4 m a váží 7 500 kg) a má větší uši. Cirkulace krve v tepnách boltců slouží k lepšímu ochlazování pod africkým sluncem. Zatímco samec slona afrického má kly, samice slona indického je nemá. Na rozdíl od svého asijského bratrance má africký slon na chobotu dva „prsty“ .V Africe se objevují dvě populace slonů – savanní a pralesní. Poslední genetické studie ukázaly, že se jedná o dva rozdílné druhy. 

                                 Slon

 

 

 

 

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